Apalutamide
Severe
Database
Drug interaction classified as: metabolism
Source: DDInter
Drug reference
Apremilast
Inhaled Corticosteroid · Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug (DMARD); Anti-psoriatic
Inhaled CorticosteroidDisease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug (DMARD); Anti-psoriatic
CDSCO approvedSchedule H
EXCRETION
—
not curated
INTERACTIONS
10 major
SEVERE in our sources
PREGNANCY
—
not curated
Top interactionssee all 10 →
- ApalutamideSevereDatabaseDDInter
- CarbamazepineSevereDatabaseDDInter
- EnzalutamideSevereDatabaseDDInter
- FosphenytoinSevereDatabaseDDInter
Mechanism
Apremilast is a selective small molecule inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), hindering the conversion of cyclic AMP to AMP. The inhibition of PDE4 leads to increased intracellular cAMP and decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines including CXCL9 and CXCL10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2, -8, -12, and -23.
Indications
Plaque psoriasis (in candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy)Psoriatic arthritis (active and progressive, with peripheral arthritis having 3 or more tender joints and 3 or more swollen joints, and unresponsive to at least 2 standard DMARDs given alone or in combination)Oral ulcers associated with Behçet diseasepsoriasisdecreased alcohol drinking (in a human laboratory study, repurposing potential for AUD)Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA)
Dosing
- Adult
- Orally, gradually increasing the dose over the first 5 days until the recommended dose of 30 mg bid is reached.
- Renal adjustment
- Recommended if creatinine clearance (CrCl) is ≤30 mL/min.
Pharmacokinetics
Half-life
Approximately 6–9 hours.
Bioavailability
73%
Metabolism
70% metabolized by CYP3A4.
Excretion
58% by the kidneys and 39% by the feces.
Side effects
Common
DiarrheaNauseaUpper abdominal painVomitingUpper respiratory tract infectionsArthralgiaWeight lossHeadachesdyspepsiaheadachefatigue
Serious
- Mood disorders
- Suicidal ideation
- hypersensitivity reaction
- depression
Drug interactions
Carbamazepine
Severe
Database
Drug interaction classified as: metabolism
Source: DDInter
Enzalutamide
Severe
Database
Drug interaction classified as: metabolism
Source: DDInter
Fosphenytoin
Severe
Database
Drug interaction classified as: metabolism
Source: DDInter
Lumacaftor
Severe
Database
Drug interaction classified as: metabolism
Source: DDInter
Mitotane
Severe
Database
Drug interaction classified as: metabolism
Source: DDInter
Phenobarbital
Severe
Database
Drug interaction classified as: metabolism
Source: DDInter
Phenytoin
Severe
Database
Drug interaction classified as: metabolism
Source: DDInter
Primidone
Severe
Database
Drug interaction classified as: metabolism
Source: DDInter
Rifampicin
Severe
Database
Drug interaction classified as: metabolism
Source: DDInter
2 additional low-confidence interactions hidden — those rows lack a documented mechanism or management plan in our sources.
Related guidelines
Plaque psoriasis
IADVL · Dermatology · 2022
Rheumatoid arthritis
IRA · Rheumatology · 2023
Chronic kidney disease — assessment and management
KDIGO · Nephrology · 2024
MASLD / non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
INASL · Hepatology · 2023
MASLD / non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
AASLD · Gastroenterology · 2023
Other Inhaled Corticosteroid drugs
Ask House about Apremilast
Continue into a citation-backed clinical answer with the drug context already attached.
Sources: Goodman & Gilman 14e, Harrison 22e, Katzung, BNF·Verified: 2026-05-10 · House clinical team