Drug reference

clopamide

Thiazide-like diuretic (sulfonamide-derived) · Diuretic

START

10–20 mg PO once daily

TYPICAL MAX

40 mg/day

STOP IF

Severe electrolyte disturbance, gout flare, or pancreatitis

WATCH

K, Na, Ca, urate, glucose; BP/postural symptoms

CDSCO approvedATC C03BA04

Dose laddermg/d

Renal dose adjustmenteGFR mL/min/1.73m²

KDIGO 2024 + manufacturer label

Pharmacokineticsplasma · t hours

ONSET: 2h · diuresis
PEAK: 4h · peak effect
t½: 6h · t½
DURATION: 18h · once-daily

EXCRETION

Renal — substantial unchanged

route + CYP

INTERACTIONS

1 major

SEVERE in our sources

PREGNANCY

Avoid (oligohydramnios, neonatal effects); not first-line in pregnancy.

FDA category + note

Top interactionssee all 5 →

LithiumSevereDatabaseKimi deep-research + Cla

Mechanism

Inhibits Na+/Cl− co-transport in the distal convoluted tubule, increasing sodium and water excretion and lowering blood pressure; longer-acting than HCTZ-class.

Indications

HypertensionMild oedema (cardiac, hepatic, renal — adjunct)

Dosing

Adult: 10–40 mg PO once daily (or alternate days); usual 20 mg/day.
Pediatric: Limited use; specialist.
Renal adjustment: Reduced efficacy below CrCl ~30; avoid in advanced impairment.
Hepatic adjustment: Caution; avoid in severe disease (encephalopathy risk).
Geriatric: Lower doses; electrolyte risk.
Max dose: 40 mg/day

Pharmacokinetics

Onset

Diuretic effect 1–3 h

Peak effect

~3–5 h

Duration

~12–24 h

Half-life

~6 h

Bioavailability

Good oral absorption

Protein binding

Moderate

Metabolism

Hepatic

Excretion

Renal (substantial unchanged)

Contraindications

Anuria / severe renal failure
Severe hepatic impairment / hepatic coma risk
Sulfonamide hypersensitivity
Refractory hypokalaemia/hyponatraemia/hypercalcaemia

Side effects

Common

HypokalaemiaHyponatraemiaHyperuricaemiaHyperglycaemiaDizziness/postural hypotension

Serious

Severe electrolyte disturbance / arrhythmia
Photosensitivity / SJS (rare sulfonamide)
Acute angle-closure glaucoma (rare)
Pancreatitis

Pregnancy & lactation

Pregnancy

Avoid (oligohydramnios, neonatal effects); not first-line in pregnancy.

Lactation

Caution (may reduce milk supply); avoid if possible.

Drug interactions

Lithium

Severe

Database

Reduced lithium clearance

Monitor levels; reduce lithium