Isocarboxazid
Severe
Database
Clinical effect not specified
Source: DDInter
Drug reference
Propofol
Short-acting IV general anaesthetic (alkylphenol) · Intravenous Anesthetic, Sedative-Hypnotic
Also known as Diprivan, Propofol Lipuro, Propofol-®Fresenius
START
Induction 1.5–2.5 mg/kg IV titrated (reduce in elderly); maintenance 4–12 mg/kg/h
TYPICAL MAX
Titrate to effect; ICU ≤4 mg/kg/h, limit duration (PRIS)
STOP IF
Propofol infusion syndrome (acidosis/rhabdomyolysis), severe hypotension, anaphylaxis
WATCH
Continuous BP/ECG/SpO2 + airway, triglycerides/CK/acid-base if prolonged ICU, strict asepsis (discard ≤12 h)
CDSCO approvedH (Prescription Drug. To be sold by retail on the prescription of a Registered Medical Practitioner only.)ATC N01AX10
KDIGO 2024 + manufacturer label
- ONSET
- 36s · onset (~40 s)
- PEAK
- 2min · peak (~2 min)
- t½
- 3min · initial t½ (~3 min)
- DURATION
- 8min · single-dose effect (~8 min)
EXCRETION
Hepatic glucuronidation; renal metabolites
route + CYP
INTERACTIONS
10 major
SEVERE in our sources
PREGNANCY
Use if required for anaesthesia — crosses placenta; neonatal depression if used at delivery
FDA category + note
Top interactionssee all 10 →
- IsocarboxazidSevereDatabaseDDInter
- OliceridineSevereDatabaseDDInter
- OzanimodSevereDatabaseDDInter
- PapaverineSevereDatabaseDDInter
Available in India
27 branded formulations. Look up specific brands in the Drugs workspace.
Mechanism
Positive modulation of GABA-A receptors (and other CNS effects) producing rapid hypnosis/sedation with quick recovery; antiemetic at low doses; lipid-emulsion formulation.
Indications
Induction and maintenance of general anaesthesiaProcedural and ICU sedation (ventilated patients)
Dosing
- Adult
- Induction 1.5–2.5 mg/kg IV (titrated, lower in elderly/compromised). Maintenance 4–12 mg/kg/h infusion. ICU sedation 0.3–4 mg/kg/h. Procedural sedation small titrated boluses.
- Pediatric
- >1 month induction ~2.5–3.5 mg/kg; ICU sedation NOT recommended in children (propofol infusion syndrome risk).
- Renal adjustment
- No specific adjustment.
- Hepatic adjustment
- No specific adjustment; titrate to effect.
- Geriatric
- Reduce induction dose and rate (greater hypotension/apnoea).
- Max dose
- Titrated to effect; ICU sedation generally ≤4 mg/kg/h (limit duration — PRIS risk)
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
~30–60 s (one arm-brain circulation)
Peak effect
~1–2 min
Duration
~5–10 min (single dose; rapid redistribution)
Half-life
Initial 2–4 min; terminal hours (context-sensitive with infusion)
Bioavailability
IV only
Protein binding
~97–99%
Metabolism
Hepatic (glucuronidation, CYP) + extrahepatic
Excretion
Renal (metabolites; <1% unchanged)
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to propofol, egg, soya or peanut (formulation-dependent)
- Use only by personnel trained in anaesthesia/airway with monitoring
- Caution: haemodynamic instability, severe cardiac/respiratory disease, raised triglycerides (prolonged ICU)
Side effects
Common
HypotensionApnoea/respiratory depressionInjection-site painBradycardiaInvoluntary movements
Serious
- Severe hypotension/cardiovascular collapse
- Propofol infusion syndrome (metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, cardiac failure — prolonged high-dose, esp. children)
- Anaphylaxis
- Apnoea/airway loss; bacterial contamination of emulsion (sepsis)
- Pancreatitis (hypertriglyceridaemia)
Pregnancy & lactation
Pregnancy
Use if required for anaesthesia — crosses placenta; neonatal depression if used at delivery
Lactation
Single anaesthetic dose compatible — brief interruption sufficient (very short t½)
Drug interactions
Oliceridine
Severe
Database
Clinical effect not specified
Source: DDInter
Ozanimod
Severe
Database
Clinical effect not specified
Source: DDInter
Papaverine
Severe
Database
.
Source: DDInter
Phenelzine
Severe
Database
Clinical effect not specified
Source: DDInter
Opioids
Severe
Database
Additive hypnosis, hypotension and respiratory depression
Reduce propofol dose; titrate; full monitoring/airway
Source: Kimi deep-research + Cla
Remimazolam
Severe
Database
Clinical effect not specified
Source: DDInter
Selegiline
Severe
Database
Clinical effect not specified
Source: DDInter
Sodium Oxybate
Severe
Database
Clinical effect not specified
Source: DDInter
Tranylcypromine
Severe
Database
Clinical effect not specified
Source: DDInter
2 additional unreviewed or low-confidence interactions hidden because their provenance or source detail is insufficient.
Related guidelines
Ask House about Propofol
Continue into a citation-backed clinical answer with the drug context already attached.
Textbook-sourced·Sources: Goodman & Gilman 14e, Harrison 22e, Katzung, BNF·Updated: 2026-05-19·Cockpit curated: 2026-05-19