Drug reference

Dicloxacillin

Penicillin · Antibiotic

PenicillinAntibiotic

CDSCO approvedSchedule H

EXCRETION

—

not curated

INTERACTIONS

5 major

incl. contraindicated

PREGNANCY

—

not curated

Top interactionssee all 5 →

Pasteurella MultocidaContraindicatedTextbookHarrison 22e · p1054
AnisindioneSevereDatabaseDDInter
DicoumarolSevereDatabaseDDInter
MethotrexateSevereDatabaseDDInter

Mechanism

Dicloxacillin is a β-lactam antibiotic that primarily acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It is most active against bacteria in the logarithmic phase of growth by interfering with cell wall component synthesis. It is a potent inhibitor of the growth of most penicillinase-producing staphylococci.

Indications

Infections caused by penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus aureusInfections caused by penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus epidermidis (non-methicillin resistant strains)Mild to moderate skin and soft-tissue infectionssecondary infection of eczematous skin with Staphylococcus aureusOral therapy for skin and soft tissue infections sensitive to methicillin

Dosing

Adult: Oral: 1 g (preferably 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals)

Pharmacokinetics

Peak effect

1 hour after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations of 15 μg/mL following a 1 g oral dose.

Bioavailability

Rapid but incomplete (30-80%) from the GI tract. More efficient when taken on an empty stomach.

Protein binding

Extensively bound to plasma albumin (~90-95%).

Metabolism

Significant hepatic elimination.

Excretion

Rapid renal excretion; approximately 50% of a dose is excreted in urine within 6 hours after oral administration. Significant hepatic elimination also occurs. Not significantly removed by hemodialysis.

Side effects

Common

Gastrointestinal side effects (e.g., diarrhea)

Serious

Hypersensitivity reactions (rash to anaphylaxis)
Serum sickness
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Nephropathy
Hematologic reactions (neutropenia, prolonged use)
Neurotoxicity (seizure, high doses, renal impairment)

Drug interactions

Pasteurella Multocida

Contraindicated

Textbook

ineffective treatment

Pasteurella multocida is resistant to dicloxacillin; other β-lactam antimicrobial agents, quinolones, tetracycline, and erythromycin are sensitive. Amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam, and cefoxitin are good choices.

Source: Harrison 22e · p1054

Anisindione

Severe

Database

Drug interaction classified as: metabolism

Source: DDInter

Dicoumarol

Severe

Database

Clinical effect not specified

Source: DDInter

Methotrexate